The Ultimate Guide to Eagles: Species, Habitat, Behavior & Conservation

Eagles are among the most powerful and iconic birds of prey on Earth. With hooked beaks, razor-sharp talons, and extraordinary eyesight, these apex predators sit at the top of almost every terrestrial food chain they inhabit.

What Is an Eagle?

Eagles are large diurnal raptors in the family Accipitridae. They are distinguished from hawks by their larger size, heavier build, and preference for hunting larger prey. Most eagles have a wingspan between 1.5 and 2.5 meters.

Major Eagle Groups

• Golden Eagles – widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, masters of open-country hunting.
• Bald Eagles – North America’s national symbol, specialist fish-eaters.
• Harpy Eagles – the most powerful eagles, rulers of neotropical rainforests.
• Sea Eagles – including Steller’s Sea Eagle and the White-tailed Eagle, tied to coastlines and rivers.

Habitat and Distribution

Eagles occupy nearly every habitat except Antarctica: mountains, forests, grasslands, deserts, and coastlines. The Eagles overview collects species accounts from around the world.

Hunting and Diet

Eagles combine soaring flight with explosive dives. Golden eagles take mammals such as rabbits and marmots, while bald eagles and sea eagles favor fish. Learn more in our Golden Eagle and Bald Eagle profiles.

Conservation Status

Many eagle populations recovered after DDT was banned, but habitat loss, lead poisoning, and collisions with wind turbines remain serious threats. See our Conservation section for success stories.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the largest eagle? Steller’s Sea Eagle is the heaviest, while the Harpy Eagle is the most powerful by prey size.

How good is eagle vision? Eagles see roughly 4 to 8 times better than humans, allowing them to spot prey from kilometers away.